B

beta thromboglobulin

Platelet specific alpha granule protein that can neutralize heparin, used to monitor early platelet activation.

B Cell

B Lymphocyte. Any of the lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow and, when stimulated by a particular antigen, differentiate into plasma cells.

Basophil

A specific type of white blood cell. These cells are readily stained with basic dyes (this is where the name comes from). Basophils make up only a small portion of the number of white blood cells but are important parts of the body?s immune response. They release histamine and other chemicals that act on the blood vessels when the immune response is triggered. MEDLINEplusBloodline

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

A rare inherited disorder in which platelets are unable to respond to von Willebrand factor. Platelets aggregate normally in response to most stimulation but do not aggregate in response to ristocetin. The response to collagen is blunted.MEDLINEplus

BIA

Bio-immunoassay.

Biochemistry

The study of the chemical processes and substances of living matter.

Biology

The science of life and all its manifestations: an area of study concerned with living organisms, their form and structure, their behavior, their function, their origin, development, and growth and their relationship to their environment and to like and unlike organisms, both living and extinct.

Biotin

A water-soluble vitamin, generally classified as a B-complex vitamin essential for the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates (like the other B vitamins), and in the synthesis of hormones and cholesterol.

Bleeding Time

A test that measures the speed in which small blood vessels close off to stop bleeding. This test is an initial screen of platelet function, capillary integrity and von Willebrand factor function. MEDLINEplus

Blood

Fluid consisting of plasma, blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues. Gray's Anatomy

Bloodstream

The flow of blood through the circulatory system of an organism.

Blood Clot

Blood clots (fibrin clots) are the clumps that results when blood coagulates. See also thrombus and embolism.

Thrombi or emboli can lodge in a blood vessel and block the flow of blood in that location. This blockage deprives the tissues in that location of normal blood flow and oxygen (ischemia). This can result in damage, destruction (infarction), or even death of the tissues (necrosis) in that area.

Sometimes, a piece of atherosclerotic plaque (see atherosclerosis), small pieces of tumor, fat globules, air, amniotic fluid or other materials can act in the same manner as a blood clot. MEDLINEplus

Blood Vessel

An elastic tubular channel, such as an artery, a vein, or a capillary, through which the blood circulates.